Social Media Statistics Updated November 2026

Human Written & Fact Checked · Updated

150 X (Twitter) Statistics for 2026

X, formerly Twitter, has not published an audited count of its own users since July 2022, when Twitter last reported 237.8 million daily users. SpaceX, which now owns X through xAI, reports about 550 million monthly users across Grok and X combined, and X reported 64,727,103 average monthly active recipients in the EU in the first half of 2026.

This page gathers the latest X figures in one place: Twitter's users and revenue before 2022, X's own claims since, users in the EU, the US and other countries, news use, X's advertising revenue in SpaceX's filings, the 2022 acquisition and later ownership changes, the EU and Australian regulators' cases, content moderation, government requests and Community Notes. Every number links to the filing, regulator, survey or post that published it, with the date.

X numbers are easy to mix up. Twitter's old MAU and mDAU, SpaceX's combined Grok and X count, X's EU figures under the Digital Services Act, ad reach from X's ad tools and posts by X's owner and staff each measure something different. Each figure here says what it measures, and figures on different bases are never charted together or compared.

Headline figures

  • Twitter had 237.8 million average monetizable daily active users (mDAU) worldwide in the second quarter of 2022, the last user figure it reported before it was taken private. (Twitter, Inc. (Q2 2022 earnings release), Jul 2022)
  • Twitter had 330 million average monthly active users (MAU) worldwide in the first quarter of 2019, the last quarter it disclosed MAU. (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2019 shareholder letter), Apr 2019)
  • SpaceX reports about 550 million monthly active users across Grok and X combined at 31 March 2026. This is not an X-only count. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • X had 64,727,103 average monthly active recipients in the EU from January to June 2026, by its own Digital Services Act report. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • 18% of US adults say they ever use X, down from 21% in 2025, on Pew's 2026 survey. (Pew Research Center (social media fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • X's advertising revenue was $1,844 million worldwide in 2025, against $2,323 million in 2023, as reported in SpaceX's IPO prospectus. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • Twitter's revenue was $5,077.5 million in 2021, its last full year as a listed company. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • Elon Musk agreed on 25 April 2022 to buy Twitter for $54.20 a share in cash, "in a transaction valued at approximately $44 billion". (Twitter, Inc. (merger press release), Apr 2022)
  • The European Commission fined X €120 million on 5 December 2025 for breaching transparency obligations under the Digital Services Act, its first non-compliance decision under the DSA. (European Commission (fine press release IP/25/2934), Dec 2025)
  • Use of X for news among 18-24s fell to 15% in 2026, on average across the Reuters Institute's markets. (Reuters Institute (DNR 2026 summary), Jun 2026)
  • 57% of US X users regularly get news there in 2026, the same share as in 2025. (Pew Research Center (news fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • X ads reached 433 million users worldwide in October 2026, on Kepios's count from X's ad tools; this is ad reach, not a count of users. (Kepios (X stats page), Nov 2026)
  • X Premium had about 4.4 million paid subscribers worldwide at 31 March 2026, up from about 4.1 million at the end of 2025, SpaceX reports. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • An Australian court ordered X Corp. to pay a civil penalty of A$650,000 in May 2026 for failing to fully comply with an eSafety transparency notice about child sexual exploitation material. (eSafety Commissioner (penalty release, May 2026), May 2026)

How many people use X?

There is no current, audited count of X users on their own. Twitter stopped reporting users when it was taken private in 2022, and each figure published since measures something different: SpaceX counts Grok and X together, X reports EU users under the Digital Services Act, X's owner and staff post their own claims, and Kepios compiles ad reach.

  • SpaceX reported about 520 million monthly active users across Grok and X combined at 31 December 2025. About 117 million of the users at 31 March 2026, and 89 million at the end of 2025, used Grok's AI features. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • SpaceX counts registered users who interacted with Grok or X at least once in the 30 days to the date of measurement, de-duplicated across the two apps based on sign-in traffic, and calls the result "an estimate of unique users". (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • Grok and X had about 1.3 billion "supported accounts active in the last twelve months" to 31 March 2026, SpaceX said. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • The number of users advertisers could reach with X ads worldwide fell by 124 million (-22.3%) between October 2025 and October 2026, on figures from X's own ad tools. (Kepios (X stats page), Nov 2026)
  • X's ad audience was 37.5% female and 62.5% male in October 2026. (Kepios (X stats page), Nov 2026)
  • Meta's chief executive said on 21 October 2026 that "Threads has now overtaken X in monthly actives"; Meta gave no figure for X. (Meta Platforms (Q3 2026 earnings call), Oct 2026)

None of these is a like-for-like user count. SpaceX's figure combines Grok and X; ad reach counts accounts advertisers can target, and Kepios says it is not a direct proxy for monthly active users; Meta's statement is a competitor's claim. They are not compared with each other or with Twitter's old MAU and mDAU.

How many users did Twitter have before 2022?

Twitter reported two user measures in its SEC filings: monthly active users (MAU) until early 2019, then monetizable daily active users (mDAU), people who logged in and used Twitter on a given day through a surface able to show ads. Both grew in most years, and Twitter later said both had been slightly overstated.

190.9m Q4 2020 197.6m Q1 2021 204.0m Q2 2021 209.3m Q3 2021 214.7m Q4 2021 229.0m Q1 2022
View data table
Twitter average mDAU worldwide by quarter, in millions, as recast in April 2022 after the counting error was found; the first quarter of 2022 is as reported in the same release.
PeriodValue
Q4 2020190.9m
Q1 2021197.6m
Q2 2021204.0m
Q3 2021209.3m
Q4 2021214.7m
Q1 2022229.0m
Twitter average mDAU worldwide by quarter, in millions, as recast in April 2022 after the counting error was found; the first quarter of 2022 is as reported in the same release. (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2022 earnings release), Apr 2022)
  • Twitter had 231.7 million average MAU in the third quarter of 2013, up from 167.1 million a year earlier; 77% were outside the US, and its users created about 500 million Tweets a day. (Twitter, Inc. (IPO prospectus), Nov 2013)
  • In the fourth quarter of 2013 Twitter had 240.9 million average MAU: 54.1 million in the US and 186.8 million in the rest of the world. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2013), Mar 2014)
  • Average MAU were 288 million in the fourth quarter of 2014. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2014 earnings release), Feb 2015)
  • At the end of 2014 Twitter had 63 million average MAU in the US and 225 million in the rest of the world. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2014), Mar 2015)
  • Average MAU were 320 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, up 9% year on year, or 305 million excluding SMS Fast Followers, up 6%. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2015 shareholder letter), Feb 2016)
  • Average MAU were 319 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, up 4%: 67 million in the US and 252 million internationally. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2016 shareholder letter), Feb 2017)
  • Twitter disclosed in October 2017 that since the fourth quarter of 2014 it had counted users of certain third-party applications as MAU, about 1-2 million users a quarter. (Twitter, Inc. (Q3 2017 shareholder letter), Oct 2017)
  • Average MAU were 321 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, a fall of 9 million year on year: 66 million in the US and 255 million internationally. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2018 shareholder letter), Feb 2019)
  • MAU in the first quarter of 2019 were down 6 million year on year, with 68 million in the US and 262 million internationally. Twitter wrote: "As a reminder, this is the last quarter we will disclose MAU." (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2019 shareholder letter), Apr 2019)
  • mDAU, first disclosed in February 2019, rose from 109 million in the first quarter of 2017 to 126 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, when 27 million were in the US and 99 million elsewhere. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2018 shareholder letter), Feb 2019)
  • Average mDAU were 152 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, up 21%. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2019 earnings release), 2020)
  • Average mDAU reached 166 million in the first quarter of 2020, up 24%, which Twitter partly put down to "increased engagement due to the COVID-19 pandemic". (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2020 earnings release), 2020)
  • Average mDAU were 186 million in the second quarter of 2020, up 34% year on year. (Twitter, Inc. (Q2 2020 earnings release), 2020)
  • In April 2022 Twitter disclosed that an error introduced in March 2019 had overstated mDAU from the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2021, by 1.4 million to 1.9 million a quarter in the periods it recast. (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2022 earnings release), Apr 2022)
  • In the first quarter of 2022 US mDAU were 39.6 million, up 6.4%, and international mDAU 189.4 million, up 18.1%. (Twitter, Inc. (Q1 2022 earnings release), Apr 2022)
  • In its last report, for the second quarter of 2022, Twitter had 41.5 million US mDAU (up 14.7%) and 196.3 million international mDAU (up 17.0%); total mDAU were up 16.6% year on year. (Twitter, Inc. (Q2 2022 earnings release), Jul 2022)
  • In February 2022 Twitter repeated its targets of "at least 315 million mDAU in Q4'23" and "$7.5 billion or more in revenue for the full year of 2023". They were goals, not results, and lapsed when the company went private. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2021 shareholder letter), Feb 2022)

MAU and mDAU are different measures and are not compared. mDAU for the first quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2020 are as first reported: Twitter said they were overstated but recast only from the fourth quarter of 2020, which the chart uses. MAU from the fourth quarter of 2014 were also slightly overstated. All figures are company-reported in SEC filings and are worldwide unless a country is named.

What has X said about its users since 2022?

Since the takeover, X has published no audited user count of its own. Its owner and staff have posted figures on X, mostly about time spent, counted in "user-seconds" or minutes. None comes with a published method, and each uses its own measure.

  • On 10 July 2023 Musk named the measure he preferred: "Cumulative user-seconds per day of phone screentime, as reported by iOS & Android, is hardest to game." (Elon Musk (post on X, Jul 2023), Jul 2023)
  • X's then chief executive Linda Yaccarino posted on 8 December 2023: "More than 10 million people have signed up for X so far this December!" The figure counts sign-ups, not active users. (Linda Yaccarino (post on X, Dec 2023), Dec 2023)
  • X's data account posted on 18 March 2024: "X has over 8 billion daily active user minutes on average so far in 2024, up 10% from last year." (X (@XData post, Mar 2024), Mar 2024)
  • Musk posted on 23 May 2024: "𝕏 has 600 million monthly active users, about half of which use the platform every day". He did not define the measure. (Elon Musk (post on X, May 2024), May 2024)
  • On 29 June 2024 Musk claimed a US record of "76B total user-seconds in the US, beating the previous record by 5%". (Elon Musk (post on X, Jun 2024), Jun 2024)
  • On 15 July 2024 he claimed "417 billion user-seconds globally" in a single day, and US user-seconds of 93 billion, "23% higher than the previous record". (Elon Musk (post on X, Jul 2024), Jul 2024)

These are company or owner claims posted on X, quoted in their own words with their dates. Single-day peaks, averages, minutes, seconds, sign-ups and user counts are different measures, none audited, and they are not charted or compared with each other or with SEC figures.

How many people use X in the EU?

X reports its EU users to the European Commission under the Digital Services Act. Its figures for 2023 and 2024 added logged-out visitors to logged-in users. Its reports for 2025 and 2026 give a much lower total and do not say whether logged-out visitors are included, so the methods may differ.

  1. 1 France 12,388,560
  2. 2 Spain 11,032,194
  3. 3 Germany 9,954,390
  4. 4 Netherlands 5,074,285
  5. 5 Italy 5,069,933
  6. 6 Poland 4,944,745
  7. 7 Sweden 1,722,494
  8. 8 Ireland 1,660,059
X average monthly active recipients by EU country, January to June 2026, the eight largest given here. These are X's own figures under the Digital Services Act, located by IP address. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • X's first EU estimate, an average over 45 days published in early 2023, was 100.9 million: 59.8 million logged-in users and 41.1 million logged-out guests. (X (EU active recipients, first estimate), 2023)
  • For February to July 2023 X reported 112.2 million EU recipients: 60.9 million logged in and 51.3 million logged out. (X (EU active recipients, Feb-Jul 2023), 2023)
  • For August 2023 to January 2024 it reported 111.4 million: 61.8 million logged in and 49.6 million logged out. (X (EU active recipients, Aug 2023-Jan 2024), 2024)
  • For February to July 2024 it reported 105,994,838: 67,000,072 logged-in users and 38,994,766 logged-out guests. (X (EU active recipients, Feb-Jul 2024), 2024)
  • X's DSA report for July to December 2025 gave 64,767,887 average monthly active recipients in the EU. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • In July to December 2025 France had 12,271,889 recipients, Spain 11,012,424, Germany 9,511,180, the Netherlands 5,303,445, Italy 4,949,068 and Poland 4,901,770. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • The Commission designated X a Very Large Online Platform on 25 April 2023, "following its declaration of reaching more than 45 million monthly active users in the EU", the DSA threshold for that status. (European Commission (press release IP/24/3761), Jul 2024)

All figures are X's own and cover the EU only; none is a worldwide count. The 2023 and 2024 totals included logged-out visitors. The 2025 and 2026 reports do not say whether they do, so the methods may differ and no change is calculated between the two sets of figures.

Who uses X in the US?

Fewer than one in five US adults now say they use X, the lowest share in Pew's surveys since 2014. Use is highest among young adults and men, and since 2023 Republicans have become more likely than Democrats to use it. Use among teenagers has fallen in every survey since 2022.

13% Aug 2012 19% Sep 2014 21% Apr 2016 24% Jan 2018 22% Feb 2019 23% Feb 2021 22% Sep 2023 21% Jun 2024 21% Jun 2025 18% Jun 2026
View data table
Share of US adults who say they ever use Twitter or X, by survey date, from Pew's trend table. Use peaked in January 2018; one survey is shown for years with more than one.
PeriodValue
Aug 201213%
Sep 201419%
Apr 201621%
Jan 201824%
Feb 201922%
Feb 202123%
Sep 202322%
Jun 202421%
Jun 202521%
Jun 202618%
Share of US adults who say they ever use Twitter or X, by survey date, from Pew's trend table. Use peaked in January 2018; one survey is shown for years with more than one. (Pew Research Center (social media fact sheet), Oct 2026)

Pew figures are shares of US adults, or teens, who say they ever use X or use it daily. They are survey results and are not compared with X's own figures or with ad reach. The 2023 survey on breaks asked past-year Twitter users, and the 2021 study covered US adults with public accounts who agreed to have their tweets linked to their answers.

How many people use X outside the US?

X's ad tools reach the most people in the US and Japan, on Kepios's count. National surveys find X used by a minority of adults in Australia and Sweden, where it is more popular with people born since 1990. X's only recent country claim is for the UK.

  1. 1 United States 77.3m
  2. 2 Japan 54.8m
  3. 3 India 22.9m
  4. 4 Indonesia 20.1m
  5. 5 Brazil 18.6m
  6. 6 Turkey 16.6m
  7. 7 Mexico 15.5m
  8. 8 United Kingdom 15.2m
  9. 9 Saudi Arabia 13.5m
  10. 10 Thailand 11.8m
X ad reach by country, October 2026, in millions, from X's ad tools as compiled by Kepios. Ad reach counts accounts advertisers can target and is not a count of users. (Kepios (X stats page), Nov 2026)

Kepios labels its country figures active users, but says they are based on X's advertising audience only, so they are ad reach and not user counts. X UK's figures are a company claim. ACMA surveys Australian adults and Internetstiftelsen Swedish internet users aged 8 and over. None of these is compared with another.

How many people get news from X?

In the US, fewer adults get news on X than on Facebook, YouTube or Instagram, but more than half of its US users regularly get news there. Weekly news use of X varies widely by country, from single digits in much of Europe to over 40% in Nigeria, and across a basket of 12 markets it has changed little since 2014.

  1. 1 Nigeria 46%
  2. 2 Kenya 38%
  3. 3 Japan 20%
  4. 4 Australia 17%
  5. 5 Spain 16%
  6. 6 Mexico 13%
  7. 7 Colombia 12%
  8. 8 Ireland 11%
  9. 9 United Kingdom 10%
  10. 10 Germany 5%
Share of online adults who used X for news in the past week, 2026, in selected Reuters Institute markets. Samples in Nigeria and Kenya are younger, urban and English-speaking, not national populations. (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • Regular news use of X among US adults was 15% in 2020, 13% in 2021, 14% in 2022 and 12% in each year from 2023 to 2025; in 2026 it was 10%. (Pew Research Center (news fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • The share of US X users who regularly get news there was 59% in 2020, 55% in 2021, 53% in 2022 and 2023, and 59% in 2024. (Pew Research Center (news fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • Regular X news consumers made up 15% of US men and 6% of women, and 18% of adults aged 18-29, 11% of 30-49s, 10% of 50-64s and 4% of those 65 and over. (Pew Research Center (news fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • 16% of Republicans and Republican leaners and 12% of Democrats and Democratic leaners regularly get news on X; so do 16% of Black, 13% of Hispanic and 9% of White US adults. (Pew Research Center (news fact sheet), Oct 2026)
  • In the US, 16% of online adults used X for news in the past week in 2026, down 7 points, and 24% used it for any purpose. (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • Weekly use of X for any purpose was 56% in Nigeria, 52% in Kenya, 41% in Japan, 22% in Australia and Spain, 17% in the UK and 8% in Germany. (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • The Reuters Institute found that "X and YouTube are the only two networks where more than half of users say they think of these platforms as useful ways of getting the news". (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • In the US, leaving 2025 aside, the post-pandemic trend is that "news audiences for X have grown on the political right and fallen among those on the left", the Reuters Institute said. (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • Across a basket of 12 markets tracked since 2014, "X, Snapchat, and Facebook Messenger have not seen their usage for news change much since 2014", while WhatsApp, YouTube, TikTok and Instagram grew. (Reuters Institute (Digital News Report 2026), Jun 2026)
  • 85% of the 500 most prominent US news influencers studied in 2024 had an account on X, more than on Instagram (50%) or YouTube (44%). (Pew Research Center (news influencers 2024), Nov 2024)

The Reuters Institute asks online adults whether they used a platform for news in the past week; Pew asks US adults whether they regularly get news there. The two are different measures and are not compared. Reuters repolled its platform questions in March 2026 and advises caution with year-on-year changes, and its averages are across the markets surveyed, not the world population.

How much money do Twitter and X make?

Twitter's revenue grew in most years to 2021, nearly all of it from advertising, and between 2012 and 2021 it made an annual net profit only in 2018 and 2019. Since the takeover, the only audited figures are for X's advertising, published by SpaceX after it bought xAI, which owns X; they show a fall in 2024 and a rise in 2025.

$28.3m 2010 $106.3m 2011 $316.9m 2012 $664.9m 2013 $1,403.0m 2014 $2,218.0m 2015 $2,529.6m 2016 $2,443.3m 2017 $3,042.4m 2018 $3,459.3m 2019 $3,716.3m 2020 $5,077.5m 2021
View data table
Twitter total revenue worldwide by year, 2010-2021, in millions of US dollars. Each year comes from the release for that year; the link is to the latest one.
PeriodValue
2010$28.3m
2011$106.3m
2012$316.9m
2013$664.9m
2014$1,403.0m
2015$2,218.0m
2016$2,529.6m
2017$2,443.3m
2018$3,042.4m
2019$3,459.3m
2020$3,716.3m
2021$5,077.5m
Twitter total revenue worldwide by year, 2010-2021, in millions of US dollars. Each year comes from the release for that year; the link is to the latest one. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • Advertising brought in $4,505.7 million of Twitter's 2021 revenue, and data licensing and other $571.8 million. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • Twitter's US revenue was $2.84 billion in 2021, up 36%, and its international revenue $2.24 billion, up 37%. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • Twitter made net income of $1,465.7 million in 2019, then net losses of $1,135.6 million in 2020 and $221.4 million in 2021. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • In 2010 data licensing brought Twitter more than advertising: $20,957,000 against $7,321,000. (Twitter, Inc. (IPO prospectus), Nov 2013)
  • In 2016 advertising revenue was $2.25 billion, up 13%; US revenue was $1.56 billion and international revenue $964.8 million. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2016), Feb 2017)
  • The fourth quarter of 2017 was Twitter's "first quarter of GAAP profitability with net income of $91 million". (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2017 shareholder letter), Feb 2018)
  • Total revenue for 2018 "exceeded $3 billion, an increase of 25%"; fourth-quarter revenue was about $909 million, of which advertising was $791 million. (Twitter, Inc. (Q4 2018 shareholder letter), Feb 2019)
  • In the second quarter of 2022, its last as a listed company, Twitter's revenue was $1.18 billion (-1%), advertising $1.08 billion (+2%) and subscription and other $101 million (-27%), with a net loss of $270 million. (Twitter, Inc. (Q2 2022 earnings release), Jul 2022)
  • SpaceX's prospectus reports X advertising revenue of $1,728 million in 2024, with X's accounts restated under common-control accounting. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • SpaceX said X advertising revenue fell $595 million in 2024 "due to the loss of advertising partners for X" and rose $116 million in 2025 "as advertising spend increased from advertising partners on X". (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • X subscription revenue rose $157 million in 2024, and X and Grok subscription revenue together rose $365 million in 2025. X subscriptions are reported with Grok and data licensing, so X's total revenue is not disclosed on its own. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • X advertising revenue was $343 million in the first quarter of 2026, against $443 million a year earlier. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • X advertising revenue was $367 million in the second quarter of 2026, against $426 million a year earlier, and $710 million in the first half, against $870 million. (SpaceX (10-Q, Q2 2026), Aug 2026)
  • X advertising revenue was $538 million in the third quarter of 2026, against $454 million a year earlier, which SpaceX put down to "growth in self-serve advertising and higher demand from financial services, technology, and gaming advertisers". For the first nine months it was $1,248 million, against $1,323 million in 2025. (SpaceX (10-Q, Q3 2026), Oct 2026)

Twitter figures are GAAP results from its own SEC filings, worldwide. X figures since 2023 come from SpaceX's SEC filings, which restate X's accounts after xAI bought X and SpaceX bought xAI; they cover X's advertising only and are not compared with Twitter's total revenue.

How did Elon Musk buy Twitter?

Twitter agreed to the sale in April 2022, its stockholders approved it in September, and the deal closed on 27 October 2022, when Twitter left the New York Stock Exchange. Twitter's own estimate of false or spam accounts was at the centre of a dispute over the deal before it closed.

  • The price was a 38% premium to Twitter's closing share price on 1 April 2022. (Twitter, Inc. (merger press release), Apr 2022)
  • The definitive proxy put the total funds needed at about $46.5 billion, and Musk's equity commitment was raised to $33.5 billion from up to about $21.0 billion. (Twitter, Inc. (merger proxy statement), Jul 2022)
  • Debt financing in the proxy included a $6.5 billion senior secured term loan and up to $3.0 billion each of senior secured and senior unsecured bridge commitments. (Twitter, Inc. (merger proxy statement), Jul 2022)
  • Stockholders approved the merger on 13 September 2022 with 453,106,848 shares for, 4,149,957 against and 2,387,234 abstaining. (Twitter, Inc. (8-K, Sep 2022), Sep 2022)
  • When the merger closed, each Twitter share became the right to receive $54.20 in cash, and Twitter asked the NYSE to delist its stock on 28 October 2022. The buyer was X Holdings I, Inc. (Twitter, Inc. (8-K, Oct 2022), Oct 2022)
  • In its last annual report Twitter estimated that false or spam accounts were "fewer than 5% of our mDAU" in the fourth quarter of 2021, based on internal sampling. (Twitter, Inc. (10-K 2021), Feb 2022)
  • X Corp. took on a $6,705 million term loan and a $500 million revolving credit facility in 2022; in February 2025 it took a new $4,741 million term loan maturing on 27 October 2029. (SpaceX (10-Q, Q3 2026), Oct 2026)

The headline value is the transaction value in Twitter's press release; the proxy's total funds figure also covers fees and refinancing. After the deal closed, Twitter, later X Corp., filed no further annual or quarterly reports of its own.

Who owns X now?

X is now part of SpaceX. Elon Musk's AI company xAI bought X in March 2025, and SpaceX bought xAI in February 2026, so X's results now appear in SpaceX's filings.

  • xAI completed its acquisition of X Holdings Corp. on 28 March 2025, and SpaceX acquired xAI on 2 February 2026. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • In the X merger each share of X Holdings Corp. was converted into 2.776 shares of xAI. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • Musk posted on 28 March 2025 that the all-stock deal valued "xAI at $80 billion and X at $33 billion ($45B less $12B debt)". This was his own valuation in a deal between two of his companies, not a market price. (Elon Musk (post on X, Mar 2025), Mar 2025)
  • Across X Premium and SuperGrok there were about 6.3 million active paid subscribers at 31 March 2026, up from about 4.9 million at the end of 2025, when SuperGrok had about 0.9 million. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)
  • SpaceX reports X in its AI segment, whose AI Solutions & Infrastructure revenue, which includes X subscriptions, was $1,357 million in 2025, $892 million in 2024 and $638 million in 2023; the segment's total revenue was $3,201 million in 2025. (SpaceX (IPO prospectus), Jun 2026)

Ownership details come from SpaceX's SEC filings. The valuation is Musk's own statement; the filings confirm the date and share exchange ratio of the X merger but not the valuation.

What is the EU's case against X?

The European Commission opened its first formal proceedings under the Digital Services Act against X in December 2023 and two years later issued its first DSA non-compliance decision against it. X and its owners have appealed, and a separate investigation into Grok opened in January 2026.

  • On 18 December 2023 the Commission opened formal proceedings against X covering risk management, content moderation, dark patterns, advertising transparency, researcher data access and the effectiveness of Community Notes, the first formal proceedings under the DSA. (European Commission (press release IP/23/6709), Dec 2023)
  • On 12 July 2024 the Commission sent X preliminary findings on three points: the blue checkmark design, the advertising repository and researcher data access. It said a final decision "could entail fines of up to 6% of the total worldwide annual turnover". (European Commission (press release IP/24/3761), Jul 2024)
  • After the December 2025 decision X had 60 working days to say how it would end the blue checkmark breach and 90 working days to submit an action plan on the advertising repository and researcher data access; failing to comply "may lead to periodic penalty payments". (European Commission (fine press release IP/25/2934), Dec 2025)
  • A Commission policy page on the DSA's impact, last updated on 6 November 2026, refers to "the 45 million EUR fine imposed on the provider of X for its non-compliant advertising repository". That is the page's figure for the advertising repository breach; the decision press release gives one total for all three breaches and no split. (European Commission (DSA impact policy page), Nov 2026)
  • The fine was imposed on X Internet Unlimited Company, X Corp., X.AI Holdings Corp. and Elon Musk, who appealed to the EU General Court on 16 February 2026. The US and Ireland were among those applying to intervene in July and August 2026, and the case was pending in October 2026, SpaceX reports. (SpaceX (10-Q, Q3 2026), Oct 2026)
  • On 15 July 2026 the Commission said it had accepted X's corrective measures to end breaches of the DSA. (European Commission (corrective measures, Jul 2026), Jul 2026)
  • On 16 July 2026 it accepted X's action plan on transparency obligations and researchers' access to data. X has six months to carry it out, must then submit an audit, and is under closer supervision in the meantime. (European Commission (action plan, Jul 2026), Jul 2026)
  • On 26 January 2026 the Commission opened a new formal investigation into X's deployment of Grok in the EU, including risks of manipulated sexually explicit images, and widened its 2023 proceedings to X's switch to a Grok-based recommender system. (European Commission (press release IP/26/203), Jan 2026)

Amounts are given as each Commission document states them and are not added together or split. Opening proceedings does not prejudge the outcome; no finding on the Grok investigation had been published by November 2026.

What has Australia's eSafety Commissioner found about X?

Australia's online safety regulator has used legal notices to get information from X and has taken it to court. In one response, X Corp. told eSafety it had cut a large share of its trust and safety staff after the 2022 takeover.

Staff figures are X Corp.'s own, given to a regulator under a legal notice. Amounts are in Australian dollars.

How much content does X remove or label?

X's global transparency reports show millions of accounts suspended each half-year for breaking its rules, and hundreds of millions more for spam. Most of its action on hateful conduct is labelling posts, not suspending accounts. In the EU, its DSA reports show that most measures it takes on its own initiative are age restrictions.

  1. 1 Age restrictions 124,865,152
  2. 2 Account suspensions 14,676,728
  3. 3 Demotions 7,535,491
  4. 4 Removals 1,132,511
Measures X took on its own initiative under its terms in the EU, January to June 2026, by type, in millions. One item can be actioned in more than one way. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • From January to June 2024 X suspended 5,296,870 accounts and removed or labelled 10,675,980 posts worldwide, from 224,129,805 user reports excluding spam; its post violation rate was 0.0123%. (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • Separately, X suspended 463,960,085 accounts for platform manipulation and spam in the first half of 2024, 461,172,954 of them by automated means. (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • In the second half of 2024 it suspended 335,675,897 accounts for platform manipulation and spam, 335,492,554 of them by automated means. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • In July to December 2024 X removed or labelled 6,068,219 posts for hateful conduct but suspended 2,326 accounts for it; for abuse and harassment it suspended 937,892 accounts and actioned 1,489,317 posts. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • For child safety X suspended 2,781,634 accounts in the first half of 2024, 2,388,683 of them by automated means, and sent 370,588 reports to the US National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC). (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • In the second half of 2024 X suspended 1,790,852 accounts for child safety and sent 313,917 reports to NCMEC; it suspended 722,557 accounts for misleading and deceptive identities. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • Abuse and harassment made up 37.98% of user reports in July to December 2024 (69,006,045), hateful conduct 31.17%, violent content 13.19% and child safety 6.16%. X said a rise in reports of child sexual exploitation and non-consensual nudity was "driven by an increase in inauthentic and malicious user reporting activity". (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • X took 148,269,257 measures on its own initiative under its terms in the EU from January to June 2026, 146,700,384 of them after solely automated detection, and terminated 12,812 accounts. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • The same report's automated-means table gives 15,728,416 measures "solely taken by automated means", so its tables count in different ways. X says it "does not take measures at it's own initiative on the basis of illegality". (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • In July to December 2025 X took 220,937,367 own-initiative measures in the EU, including 186,083,779 age restrictions and 17,835,206 account suspensions. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • X received 548,233 notices of illegal content in the EU in the first half of 2026, 2,087 from trusted flaggers. It took 147,370 actions on the basis of law and 372,479 on the basis of its terms, with a median of 1.57 hours to act. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • In the second half of 2025 X received 402,010 notices of illegal content in the EU, with a median of 3 hours to act. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • EU users filed 959,571 complaints with X's internal complaints system in the first half of 2026: 871,479 about account suspensions or terminations and 78,344 about content restrictions. Three disputes went to out-of-court settlement bodies. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • In the second half of 2025 EU users filed 644,956 complaints; X upheld 583,109 decisions and reversed 41,116. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • EU member state authorities sent X 5,341 orders to provide information and 12 orders to act against illegal content in the first half of 2026; the median time to give effect to information orders was 720.53 hours. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • In the second half of 2025 authorities sent X 5,928 orders to provide information and 10 orders to act. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)
  • X reported 1,197 content moderators for the EU in the first half of 2026, 250 internal and 947 external; 27 had German language expertise and 38 French. (X (EU DSA report H1 2026), Aug 2026)
  • In the second half of 2025 X reported 1,059 moderators, 268 internal and 791 external, including 43 with German and 55 with French expertise. (X (EU DSA report H2 2025), Mar 2026)

Global figures come from X's own transparency reports and EU figures from its DSA reports; they cover different areas and periods and are not compared. No global report for 2025 periods was linked from X's transparency page in November 2026. X's report for the second half of 2024 says in one place that user reports cover January to June 2024. In the H1 2026 DSA report X lists more English-capable moderators than its total, because it counts some non-EU and multilingual staff in each language.

How many government requests does X receive?

Government requests to X rose between the first and second halves of 2024, on its own reports. Japan sends by far the most requests to remove content, and EU authorities send the most requests for account information.

  1. 1 Japan 69,186
  2. 2 Turkey 11,107
  3. 3 EU 3,831
  4. 4 South Korea 1,835
Government requests to remove content from X, July to December 2024, from the largest requesters in X's report. Japan sent most of them. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • Governments and law enforcement sent X 18,737 requests for account information worldwide in the first half of 2024, and X disclosed information for 52.82%; EU authorities sent 7,872, the US 3,329, Japan 2,726 and the UK 635. (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • In the second half of 2024 there were 20,925 information requests, with disclosure for 50.57%; the EU sent 8,730, the US 3,788, Japan 2,607 and the UK 806. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • X received 72,703 government requests to remove content in the first half of 2024 and acted on 70.82%; Japan sent 46,648, Turkey 9,364 and South Korea 5,889. (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • Removal requests rose to 97,006 in the second half of 2024, and X acted on 81.89%. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)
  • X received 188,661 copyright notices in the first half of 2024, acted on 112,897 and covered 836,194 URLs; it also received 70,980 trademark notices. (X (Global Transparency Report H1 2024), 2024)
  • In the second half of 2024 X received 230,392 copyright notices, acted on 147,025 and covered 828,150 URLs, and received 155,492 trademark notices. (X (Global Transparency Report H2 2024), 2025)

All figures are X's own. Information requests include emergency requests. EU orders under the Digital Services Act are reported separately, in the content moderation section.

How big is Community Notes?

Community Notes, X's crowd-sourced system for adding context to posts, had hundreds of thousands of contributors by 2024, on X's own figures. X says notes are seen billions of times a year.

All Community Notes figures are X's own and worldwide. The effectiveness of Community Notes is one of the points in the European Commission's 2023 proceedings against X.

Glossary

MAU
Monthly active users. Twitter's main user measure until the first quarter of 2019.
mDAU
Monetizable daily active users: people who logged in and used Twitter on a given day through twitter.com or apps able to show ads. Twitter reported it from 2019 to mid-2022.
DSA
The EU Digital Services Act, which requires large platforms to publish EU user numbers and moderation data.
Monthly active recipients
The EU users a platform reports under the DSA, averaged over a reporting period. X's 2023 and 2024 figures included logged-out visitors.
VLOP
Very Large Online Platform: a service with more than 45 million monthly active users in the EU, which carries extra DSA duties.
Ad reach
The number of users advertisers can target with X ads, from X's ad tools as compiled by Kepios. It is not a count of unique people.
User-seconds
The total seconds all users spend on X in a day, the usage measure X's owner has preferred since 2023.
SMS Fast Followers
People who followed accounts by text message without logging in; Twitter gave Q4 2015 MAU with and without them.
xAI
Elon Musk's AI company, maker of Grok, which bought X in March 2025 and was itself bought by SpaceX in February 2026.
X Premium
X's paid subscription, sold in Basic, Premium and Premium+ tiers.
Community Notes
X's system in which users write and rate notes that add context to posts.
NCMEC
The US National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, to which platforms report child sexual exploitation material.
eSafety
Australia's eSafety Commissioner, the national online safety regulator.
Trusted flagger
An organisation given priority status under the DSA to report illegal content.

Methodology and sources

Figures come from Twitter, Inc.'s and SpaceX's SEC filings, X's own transparency and EU DSA reports, posts on X by its owner, staff and official accounts, the European Commission, Australia's eSafety Commissioner, survey researchers (Pew Research Center, the Reuters Institute, ACMA and the Swedish Internet Foundation), Meta and Kepios. Each figure links to the body that published it, with the date. Claims by X and its owner are quoted in their own words and dated, and third-party user estimates are not used. Twitter's MAU and mDAU, SpaceX's combined Grok and X users, X's EU monthly active recipients, ad reach and survey shares are kept apart and never charted together or compared. X's advertising revenue since 2023 comes from SpaceX's filings and is labelled so. Fine amounts are given as each Commission document states them. The page is reviewed monthly and the date is shown at the top.